Different Types of Narration Essay

There are a variety of ways to narrate a story, but essentially they can be broken down into two main groups: first person narrative, and third person narrative. In the use of the first person narrator, the story is told through the eyes of the ‘I’ narrator. The first person narrator can only relate incidents that he or she has witnessed, and only he or she can interpreted the situation, therefore in this respect the first person narrative is limited. We must remember that a first person narrator in a novel is not the novelist but a character who sees things only in the light of his or her own point of view and coloured by his or her personality, therefore events are biased to the narrator’s opinion. This of course can be used to effect in books where the first person narrator is unreliable and therefore we are forced to see a false picture of events. For example in ‘The Beach’ by Alex Garland, events are told by Richard, a backpacker in Bangkok. In the extract I have chosen, Richard recounts an encounter with ‘Mister Duck’, who, at the beginning of he book, commits suicide. In the extract below, it is only the second time that Richard ‘meets’ ‘Mister Duck’, the first being when Richard was feverish. Therefore we can easily presume that Richard was hallucinating when he first ‘met’ ‘Mister Duck’ but in this extract, it is hard to tell, from the way Richard narrates it, that ‘Mister Duck’ is imaginary: Mister Duck sat in his room on the Khao San Road. He’d pulled back one of the newspapers that covered the window and was peering down to the street. Behind him, strewn across his bed, were coloured pencils, obviously the ones he’d used to draw the map. The map was nowhere in sight so maybe he’d already tacked it to my door. I saw that his shoulders were shaking. ‘Mister Duck?’ I said cautiously. He turned, scanned the room with a puzzled frown and, then spotted me through the strip of mosquito netting. ‘Rich†¦ Hi.’ Of course, through first person narrative, we develop a more intimate relationship with the narrator because we have their character and way of thinking forced upon us, which in cases can make you sympathise more with this character, as you know their private emotions that they would not show openly. For example in ‘The Remains of the Day’ the use of the first person narrator creates suspense and mystery over the intense relationship between Stevens and Miss Kenton. Also in this extract, we feel Steven’s character imposed on the story as his unquestioning faith and dedication to his job cost him dearly his personal life. And finally Stevens unwavering sense of duty and reserve at all times leading him to deny his emotions eventually drive away the woman he loved. As demonstrated in the extract I have chosen: As I was bolting the door, I noticed Miss Kenton waiting for me, and said: ‘I trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton.’ She made no reply, so I said again, as we were making our way across the darkened expanse of the kitchen floor; ‘I trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton.’ ‘I did, thank you, Mr Stevens.’ ‘I’m pleased to hear that.’ Behind me, Miss Kenton’s footsteps came to a sudden stop and I heard her say: ‘Are you not in the least interested in what took place tonight between my acquaintance and I Mr Stevens?’ ‘I do not mean to be rude, Miss Kenton, But I really must return upstairs without further delay. The fact is, events of a global significance are taking place in this house at this very moment.’ ‘When are they not, Mr Stevens? Very well, if you must be rushing off, I shall just tell you that I accepted my acquaintance’s proposal.’ ‘I beg your pardon, Miss Kenton?’ ‘His proposal of marriage.’ ‘Ah, is that so, Miss Kenton? Then may I offer you my congratulations.’ ‘Thank you, Mr Stevens. Of course, I’ll be happy to serve out my notice. However, should it be that you are able to release me earlier, we would be very grateful. My acquaintance begins his new job in the West Country in two weeks’ time.’ ‘I will do my best to secure a replacement at the earliest opportunity, Miss Kenton. Now if you will excuse me, I must return upstairs.’ I started to walk away again, but then when I had all but reached the doors out to the corridor, I heard Miss Kenton say: ‘Mr Stevens,’ and thus turned once more. She had not moved, and consequently she was obliged to raise her voice slightly in addressing me, so that it resonated rather oddly in the cavernous spaces of the dark and empty kitchen. ‘Am I to take it’ she said, ‘that after the many years of service I have given in this house, you have no more words to greet the news of my possible departure than those you have just uttered?’ ‘Miss Kenton, you have my warmest congratulations. But I repeat, there are matters of global significance taking place upstairs and I must return to my post.’ Pages 218-219 In this extract we are frustrated by Stevens reserve and lack of emotion, and without the story being told form his side we might have felt Stevens to be cold hearted and distance and therefore dislike him. But in fact we pity his actions and feel moved. An autobiographical persona such as Pip in Dickens ‘Great Expectations’, are not to be taken as complete or even accurate portraits of their authors – they are often no more than studies in self criticism: I was quite as dejected on the first working-day of my apprenticeship as in that after-time; but I am glad to know that I never breathed a murmur to Joe while my indentures lasted. It is about the only thing I am glad to know of myself in that connexion. For, though it includes what I proceed to add, all the merit of what I proceed to add was Joe’s. It was not because I was faithful, but because Joe was faithful, that I never ran away and went for a soldier or a sailor. It was not because I had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, but because Joe had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, that I worked with tolerable zeal against the grain. It is not possible to know how far the influence of any amiable honest-hearted duty-going man flies out into the world; but it is very possible to know how it has touched one’s self in going by, and I know right well that any good that intermixed itself with my apprenticeship came of plain contented Joe, and not of restless aspiring discontented me. In the same way the innumerable portraits by artists of their friends, enemies or acquaintances are notoriously one sided, exaggerated and even on occasion, libellous. In a first person narrative, the use of interior monologue can be used where the reader is allowed inside the mind of the narrator and so we can hear their inner thought. For example in Ernest Hemingway’s ‘A farewell to Arms’, when Henry hears that his wife is gravely ill we receive an interior monologue: The nurse went into the room and shut the door. I sat outside in the hall. Everything was gone inside of me. I did not think. I could not think. I knew she was going to die and I prayed that she would not. Don’t let her die. Oh, God, please don’t let her die. I’ll do anything for you if you won’t let her die Please, please, please dear God, don’t let her die. Dear God, don’t let her die. Pleas, please, please don’t let her die, God, please make her not die. I’ll do anything you say if you don’t let her die. You took the baby but don’t let her die – that was all right but don’t let her die. Please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. Here we feel that the character is deeply involved in his surroundings and what is happening, the events he is recounting are extremely emotional and moving, but this is not always the case. In ‘Nausea’ by Jean-Paul Satre, it is the story of an observer of life in a small cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and here the narrator is totally withdrawn from his surrounding, as though watching it on television. The narrator is distanced from events and the book is almost like a third person narrative in the sense that he is telling the story of the lives of those sitting around him, but of course true to first person narration he is interpreting the situation into how he sees it: It is half past one. I am at the Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mably, eating a sandwich, and everything is more or less normal. In any case, everything is always normal in cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and especially in Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mably, because of the manager, Monsieur Fasquelle, who has a vulgar expression in his eyes which is very straightforward and reassuring. It will soon be time for his afternoon nap and his eyes are already pink, but his manner is still lively and decisive. He is walking among the tables and speaking confidentially to all the customers: ‘Is everything all right, Monsieur?’ I smile at seeing him so lively: when his establishment empties, his head empties too. Between two and four the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is deserted, and then Monsieur Fasquelle takes a few dazed steps, the waiter turn out the lights, and he slips into unconsciousness: when this man is alone, he falls asleep. The second type of narrative is third person narration. The narrator is omniscient, that is, able to move between characters, situations, and locations at any point, and granted full access to characters’ thoughts, feelings, and motivation. This is the advantage that third person narration has over first person, yet a sense of intimacy with the characters is harder to achieve. Some narrators might comment on the events taking place in the novel as they unfold, and even interpose their own views; the Victorian novelists such as Charles Dickens were adept at this manner of intervention, for example in ‘A Christmas Carol’, Dickens talks directly to the reader to convey his thoughts and ideas: Marley was dead, to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that. The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it. And Scrooge’s name was good upon ‘Change for anything he chose to put his hand to’. Old Marley was dead as a door-nail. Mind! I don’t mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a door-nail. I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a coffin-nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade. But the wisdom of out ancestors is in the simile; and my unhallowed hands shall not disturb it, or the country’s done for. You will therefore permit me to repeat, emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail. Alternatively, the author might limit the narrator’s overt presence, and recount the narrative’s events as directly as possible. A third-person narrator might have a limited point of view, confined to only one or a few characters, as in much of Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Wuthering Heights’, where the author is wholly absent and uses the characters to tell the story. Therefore she never directly interrupts the story to make a direct comment or moral judgement on the action of the characters. We notice that Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in ‘Wuthering Heights’ uses narrators that are involved in the proceedings and therefore these people try to inflict their point of view on the reader. In this case it is to emphasise the point that the relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy is unique and not something that Nelly, or Lockwood (Wuthering Height’s two main narrators) will never fully comprehend as only Heathcliff and Cathy can explain their love for each other. She rung the bell till it broke with a twang: I entered leisurely. It was enough to try the temper of a saint, such senseless, wicked rages! There she lay dashing her head against the arm of the sofa, and grinding her teeth, so that you might fancy she would crash them to splinters! Mr Linton stood looking at her in sudden compunction and fear. He told me to fetch some water. She had no breath for speaking. I brought a glass full; and, as she would not drink, I sprinkled it on her face. In a few seconds she stretched herself out stiff, and turned up her eyes, while her cheeks, at once blanched and livid, assumed the aspect of death. Linton looked terrified. ‘There is nothing in the world the matter,’ I whispered. I did not want him to yield, though I could not help being afraid in my heart. ‘She has blood on her lips!’ he said, shuddering. ‘Never mind!’ I answered tartly. And I told him how she had resolved previous to his coming, on exhibiting a fit of frenzy. In some cases the events of the story are told through an impersonal narrative. This impersonal narrator then relates the story through the senses of different character, presenting the reader with a more rounded picture. For example in ‘The Tesseract’ by Alex Garland, the story is told from many points of view, quickly changing between one character’s perspective to another, each time the story being told from that characters sense and feeling. In the extract below we witness the situation from three of the character point of view The telephone made for an indifferent witness. But Sean’s reflection in the bathroom mirror, making contact as he turned away from the vent, was less detached. Even under pressure, the sight was arresting. His face seemed to be in a state of flux. Unable to resolve itself, like a cheap hologram or a bucket of snakes, the lips drew back while the jaw relaxed, the stare softened while the frown hardened. Fear, Sean thought distantly. Rare that one got to see what it actually looked like. Other people’s, sure, but not your own. Intrigued, he leaned close to the mirror, ignoring the footsteps that were already working their way up the stairs. ‘Aaaah, we’re going to be late,’ said Don Pepe, breaking the tense silence of the last five minutes. Jojo nodded and nervously pushed his thumbs into the padding around the steering wheel. ‘Yes, sir, we are. I’m sorry.’ Jojo paused a moment before saying ‘Yes, sir’ again. He was leaving time for Teroy to add his own apology. After all, he’d been the one who had suggested Hotel Patay in the first place. But Teroy, sitting in the passenger seat, wasn’t saying a word. No sense diverting Don Pepe’s irritation on to him, when he could keep his head down and his mouth shut and let Jojo take all the abuse. Fair enough. Jojo would have been doing the same if their roles had been reversed. The narrator is very important in a story as the narrator is responsible for the way a story is conveyed to its reader, or its point of view. The variety of ways that the author can manipulate the narrator and his or her point of view in order to gain maximum control over the work as a whole is often the essence of whether the reader gained the desired effect set by the author.

Three Stages of the Child Development

Question 2: What are three stages of child development? Maria Montessory divided the process of child development into tree stages. 1. First stage: Absorbent Mind (0-6 years) This is the period of transformation and the characteristic of this period is known as the Absorbent Mind. The child absorbs environment into himself. The child creates the person she will become once given an appropriate and specially prepared environment to work. Montessori said that during the absorbent mind, the Sensitive Periods are at the strongest and facilitates the child's learning process.This period can be divided into two sub-phases. Unconscious Absorbent Mind (0-3 years). The child cannot be dictated in this period nor can be directly influenced by the adults. The child learns unconsciously from his environment by using his senses of seeing and hearing. No formal schooling is suggested in this period however provision of a suitable environment greatly helps a child in making good early impressions o f the world around him. Children under the age of three, do not need to have lessons in order to learn, they simply absorb everything in the environment by experiencing it, being part of it.It is therefore important that the environment set up is good, nice and positive since this is what the child will absorb whether he chooses to or not. Conscious Absorbent Mind (3-6 years). Child becomes sensitive to adult influence. The period from 3 to 6 years of age is a period of conscious construction when the child takes consciously from the environment. This is the bless time to play. The child realizes the environment by the work of his hands. The child starts building personality basing on the impressions stored during first three years of his life.The sense of touch gets coordinated with the mind. Hands become a prime tool of learning. This is also a time of social development. The child wants to have company of other children and can be separated from mother for short periods of time. Children of this age are also very drawn to activities that engage the five senses. Montessori materials are designed to clearly isolate specific concepts such as length, weight, shape, size and color. Children learn to compare and contrast using their senses of smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing. 2. Second stage: Later Childhood (6-12 years)For many children, these years from six to twelve are the glory years–a time of calm and steady growth and expansion of interests. At approximately six to seven years of age, children experience a major transformation. This transformation leads from the sponge-like absorbent mind of early childhood to the reasoning, thinking adult mind. This is the period when children develop logical thinking skills. They have to think and consciously study in order to learn. During the stage of the absorbent mind, learning happened almost automatically through exposure, but the reasoning mind needs to be consciously engaged in the learning process.T his is a period of uniform growth, an intermediate period or the second stage of childhood. At this stage children are more stable, calm and of great energy. As the child has mastered most of the basic human skills, he no longer has the Absorbent mind but learn through reasoning using his imagination to explore further. It is also a period of self discovery and a period for developing characters, morals and ethics. Montessori offers an exciting idea for guiding education: â€Å"The secret of good teaching is to regard the child’s intelligence as a fertile field in which seeds may be sown, to grow under the heat of flaming imagination.Our aim therefore is not merely to make the child understand, and still less to force him to memorize, but so to touch his imagination as to enthuse him to his inmost core. † (Montessori, 1967, pg. 15). Maria Montessori identified three primary developmental drives of the elementary years. First, the child develops a voracious appetite for facts. Second, the child enters a period of moral formation and begins to ask questions about right and wrong. Third, his imagination becomes his most powerful learning tool.To feed this hungry mind and active imagination, Maria Montessori suggests that children need a vision of the whole universe starting with the solar system, the history and geography of the earth. Only a vision of the universe offers a framework for understanding all of the component parts. On the moral level, it helps children begin to understand that they are part of an integrated whole. 3. Third stage: Transformation (12-18 years) This is a period of Transformation, both physically and psychologically. Mentally, they have developed logical thinking and do not like to be told or pressure into learning.During this time, age twelve to eighteen years others become more important. Little by little they leave the family, first emotionally then physically. This is hard on parents. Parents are asked to see the adult in the child. Parents need to change how they talk. What was appropriate before is not anymore. They see adulthood coming and are very interested in themselves. All children at this age have an inferiority complex. They are convinced they are being watched. They imagine everyone is looking at them. They don’t have a stable inside or outside anymore. It is also a very idealistic time.They need to be exposed to heroes and idealists. They want to know they have a role to play. They respond to people who make a difference. The hardest part in our society is that they are seen as useless. Society is telling them there is no place for them until they get older. The way out for this is often the arts, music and drama. This is the time that the child develops significant relationships with other adults. There is a decrease in IQ during this period. The child has a decreased interest in academic learning when they are really growing and going through great physical changes.It is a ti me to train for self-sufficiency. Connect lessons with practical, concrete experiences. This is a good time to learn about the independence and interdependence of nature. Like the first stage of development it is also divided again into two sub-phases: Puberty (12-15 years) At this stage the child is like a new born baby. His character is seldom stable and there are signs of indiscipline and rebellion. The advent of puberty indicates the end of childhood. Marked physical changes take place and the child becomes very sensitive of his self.All the confidence and joyfulness of the childhood is suddenly lost. At this stage, the child needs full emotional support of parents and teachers. Adolescence (15-18 years). This period is marked with an attitude of rebellion, discouragement, hesitation, and doubts. There is an unexpected decrease in intellectual capacity as compared to an extrovert of 6-12 years. The creativeness takes charge. The child now transforming into adulthood wants to exp lore the world. Sensitive to criticism and hates to be ridiculed. Parents and teachers need to accommodate mistakes and encourage new ideas.

White Paper on Pros and Cons of Positioning and Expanding the Essay

White Paper on Pros and Cons of Positioning and Expanding the Company's Strategy and Operational Direction in the Global Markets - Essay Example Creating brand equity is the initial step for a company to develop acceptability from foreign markets. Brand positioning should also be done strategically to determine the target market for the products and services offered by the company. Finally, this paper provides different approaches and strategies that can serve as a reference for the planning of a company’s mode of entry. White Paper on Pros and Cons of Positioning and Expanding the Company's Strategy and Operational Direction in the Global Markets Introduction Most multinational companies have been operating in the global market for decades, with combined sales that accounts for a quarter of the entire global economy. According to Kotler, Keller and Burton (2009), Altria and its subsidiary Philip Morris operates to over 160 countries with a total size comparable to the economy of New Zealand, the company’s exports in 2006 took part in the GDP Growth of the US comprising a quarter of the entire market.... A company gets its initial exposure to the international business when they start to establish foreign trade to partner countries for purchasing or selling raw materials, goods, or services. The transactions are relatively simple in cases where the flow of cash is only in one direction, for instance, an importer paying a foreign supplier. For this case, the primary need is foreign exchange services and finance services without the need of having a bank account in the country where the trade partner is located. However, as the company expands its international business, the need to establish an operation in a foreign country becomes inevitable. This property acquisition may range from having a simple sales office to a highly complex operation such as putting up a manufacturing facility. In this line, where international operations handle making and receiving payments in a foreign currency, an effective international treasury management is important (Deroo, 2011). The drawback of such operations is that offshore trade activities are not visible to corporate treasury making it difficult to determine the company’s cash position, control over foreign exchange exposures, and manage its working capital globally. There is also a deficiency for safety and security associated with preventing fraudulent activities as well as the occurrence of some unwanted degree of bank risks (Deroo, 2011). In order to increase the chances of thriving in the global market several steps should be undergone by the company. A strategic brand management process is important for a good quality product or service. Its most important goal is to develop an intense customer loyalty. The process has four main steps, namely; identifying and

Child marriage in Tanzania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child marriage in Tanzania - Essay Example Early marriage is a deadly practice that exposes a girl to numerous health challenges. One among them is the psychological trauma of being exposed to adulthood responsibilities before the child is fully mature. Most of the girls are married off to men that are much older than them, and even fit to be called their fathers. In the marriage, the man they are married to and his relatives expose them to physical abuse and assault. Early marriage also denies the child a chance to grow and enjoy her childhood. She is forced to behave like a woman as she takes upon the responsibilities that are too big for her. The girl is also denied the chance to attend school and achieve her dreams as she is looked at as property rather than a person with an independent mind. Most of the girls become pregnant at very tender ages before their reproductive systems are fully mature. Early marriage is a mentality that is deep rooted in the Maasai communities in Tanzania. A woman has no say in any matters that pertain to her life. The mentality implies that the men are the overall decision makers and the women have to agree to them, whether they think it is right or not. From the film, we realize that the mothers of the girls have no power to stop their husbands from marrying off their daughters at a tender age. Circumcision, commonly known as female genital mutilation is a cultural practice that binds women regarding making decisions. The women cannot say no to the practice, which is usually a sign that they are ready for marriage.

Criminal Jusitice. The Criminal Justice System Process Research Paper

Criminal Jusitice. The Criminal Justice System Process - Research Paper Example Authorities mentioned that Phelps Collins got inside through some help from one of his friends and a brother to the owner of the townhouse. However, detectives did not expressly draw a clear connection between the staged break-in and the previous stabbing of Robert Wone. However, homicide detectives were looking into the burglary with the zeal of uncovering various potential leads. Wone was stabbed at the chest as he was visiting friends at the same home on the edge of Dupont Circle along the 1500 block of Swann Street NW. New details relating to the burglary later emerged through a number of interviews conducted much later (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). Testimonies and court papers from a hearing for Collins the following week at D.C. Superior Court were also sources of information. Collins was later arrested on a burglary charge. Police maintained that Collins confessed to them that that Michael Price, the friend, had provided him with a key to the contended house as it belonged to Jo e Price, his brother. Police also added that Collins said that Michael Price was responsible for turning off the alarm immediately the two men broke into the house where electronics worth $7,700 were stolen. Case presented At the time, Michael Price was not yet charged in the burglary and he was not located to provide any comments. After the staged break-in, the detectives proceeded to the nearby pawnshops where they found two DVD players, an audio system among other stolen goods which led them all the way to Collins. In Calvert Street NW, the police found one of the CD changers as they searched the Collins's home. Collins had sold most of the other stolen items along the street for drugs or money, as the authorities speculated. A lawyer at one of the Washington firms, Joe Price, told police that he was not aware that Collins had done it even though he had heard the same through his brother (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). This is according to information that was sourced from an affidavit the police filed after getting the search warrant for the residence of Collins. Joe Price also mentioned to the police that the brother was known to engage in drug abuse as well as hanging out with diverse subjects who we re adversely mentioned in drug usage on a frequent basis. Price directed the police to the fact that he did not avail permission to neither his brother nor Collins of entering his house and removing and later selling his property as stated in the affidavit. His public defender did not comment. Up to the point of the break-in, police expressed considerable doubt on the intruder theory. This is because there lacked an express sign of forced entry as the killer used a kitchen knife. Further, the crime scene seemed to be cleaned prior to the arrival of the officers as recounted by the police. Investigators convened a grand jury as well as enlisting the integral help of the respective departments of the FBI within the homicide. They also sought to keep high levels of control for the $1.2 million houses across several weeks after the killing while removing flooring, a chunk of the staircase, pieces of walls, sink traps and the washing machine searching for blood as well as any other evide nce (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). Collins, who was at the time unemployed, had a criminal history which included four drug convictions between the years of 1998 and 2004 in the Montgomery and District as shown by the records. Authorities mentioned that most of the items taken from the burglary turned up at Pawnbrokers on 14th Street NW at Sam's residence which was only a few blocks away. The manager at the store, Sam Levy, said that Collins had previously pawned

John The Bapist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John The Bapist - Research Paper Example John Baptist’s Parents John the Baptist’s father was Zechariah and his mother was Elizabeth. Zechariah was from the priestly family of Abijah. Both Zechariah and his wife were righteous people before the lord and they blamelessly obeyed all the commands of the lord (John the Baptist, online). Zechariah and Elizabeth, however, were very old and Elizabeth was barren. The couple had lost hope of ever having a child of their own. The lord however performed a miracle for them and this led to the birth of John the Baptist. John Baptist’s Birth and Childhood John the Baptist was born in the late first century, at around 5 B.C., during the reign of king Herod of Judea. The history of the birth and childhood of John the Baptist can be obtained from the four Gospels in the Bible and also from the writings of the Roman historian Josephus (The Birth and Early Life of John the Baptist, online). John the Baptist is believed to have been born in Judea, near Jerusalem. Both John ’s father and mother were of Aaron descent and John, therefore, was of Aaron descent from both his father and mother. Elizabeth the mother of John the Baptist was sister to Mary the mother of Jesus Christ. ... This happened when Zechariah was performing his priestly duties in the temple of Jerusalem; Zachariah was burning incense in the temple when angle Gabriel appeared to him. When Zechariah first saw the angel he was startled, but the angel told him not to be afraid for the lord had heard his prayers. The angel of the lord then told him that his wife Elizabeth would bear him a son, and the angel told him that he should call the child John. The angel of the lord then told Zechariah that the child to be born would be a great joy to his parents and many people would rejoice because of his birth. The angel of the lord told Zechariah that the child to be born would be great in the eyes of the lord. Angel Gabriel also told Zechariah that the child to be born would never drink wine or any other fermented drink, angel Gabriel told him that John the Baptist would be filled with the Holy Spirit even before his birth; Angel Gabriel also told Zechariah that John the Baptist would bring many people of Israel back to God. The angel of the Lord also said that John the Baptist would have the spirit and the zeal of Prophet Elijah; through this spirit and zeal of Prophet Elijah he would bring many people to righteousness. But Zechariah doubted the words of the angel of the Lord and wondered how the words of the angel would come true for he was very old and his wife Elizabeth too was very old and barren. But angel Gabriel assured him that he was sent by God and that his words will come true. And for failing to believe in the words of angel Gabriel, the angel told Zechariah that he would be silent from that moment till when the child John the Baptist would be

HIST 106 - Global Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIST 106 - Global Environmental History - Essay Example In that with the doubling of the global population, there is a tripling of the global urban population. With this data, an estimate half of the world's population within the next few years will be living in urban areas. The growth and level of urbanization vary considerably by region. Among developing countries, the ones with the highest proportion of their population living in urban areas are Latin American countries. However, South and East Asia are likely within the next 30 years to have the fastest rates of growth globally. In addition, it is in cities and towns that almost all of world population growth. Both the redistribution and increase of the earth's population are likely to affect the interaction between population and urban environment and the natural systems. Through analyzing the urbanization dynamics, the relationship between human activities and environment can be better understood in that the urban areas increased populations density leads to the infectious diseases rapid spread. Historically urban areas death rates have consequently been high. In this way urban areas only way of maintained their existence until now was through the constant rural people in-migration (Clement, Matthew and James 31). The urban areas growth comes mainly from the migration increase to the urban population’s fertility and the cities. ... Pressing global challenges such as poverty, climate change and food insecurity are considered essentially problems that are human induced. In the world today, there are approximately 6.77 billion people and the world’s population is estimated to be growing at a 1.14 percent rate annually. This equates to an estimate 80 million people on earth annually. Projections indicate that at the current rate there will be 7.2 billion people inhabiting earth by the year 2015. More than half the world’s population currently comprises of urban areas. In this aspect, urbanization can be considered as a global phenomenon that not only transforms people’s lifestyles and values but land use. The rural areas influx of people into the city in search of a better life cannot be put into figures since it is too astounding. Because of this the biodiversity aspect of the environment, is under threat constantly. Like greenhouses gases emissions from mega cities, which are a major source o f global, warming. Consumption patterns and human activities in these cities coupled with commercial and industrial concentrations; drain neighboring and urban areas found resources. While also compromise these areas environmental conditions. The current trend in population is definitely adversely impact and bearing on the natural resources quality, such as food, water, air and forest and in this aspect there is a global shortage of food and portable water. With the shrinking of the world forest area the air quality in some areas and cities lead to some people having health problems and the environmental conditions and the current environmental conditions are

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Civil Rights - Essay Example The government and judicial attitudes towards blacks and other minority group was altered to incorporate the rights of the subjects. Civil rights did not just begin in 1950s,it began when Africans were initially brought to America as slaves. The blacks were the pioneers of the civil rights when fought tirelessly for their enslavement and demanded for their fundamental citizenship rights that was bluntly. This article examines the role and achievements of the civil rights movement. Leaders of the civil rights movement used various strategies to communicate their complaints. Generally, success of the Civil rights Movements were attributed to well coordination of three prong strategy which included civil disobedience, well-articulated grass root organizations and the mass boycotts and economic withdrawal. Some of the strategies used prior to 1955 were litigation and lobbying through the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people between 1896 and 1954. There were powerful combination of gradualism in legal issues and advocacy of far reaching change that was adopted by the initiators of the Brown strategy (Ollhoff, 2011). However, NAACP later employed tactic of directly challenging the constitutionality of â€Å"separate but equal†education.

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision Essay

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision - Essay Example The supervisor’s role within this is multi-faceted, and includes many important features that are vital within counseling objectives. Often dealing with multiple tasks that require differing methods, the supervisor serves as mentor, teacher, evaluator, and counselor, while also assuring cliental needs. S/he is there to encourage, protect, teach, inform, train, advise, and guarantee the successful training of supervisees, through the implementation of a personally chosen supervisory model that has evolved in the course of professional experience. When facing the challenge of defining a supervision model that serves all of the above criteria, but which is still personal and tailored to any given philosophy on the role of counseling, the situation of the supervisee sitting under the supervisor immediately springs to mind. What are the expectations of the supervisee? What are they hoping to achieve, to obtain, from their mentor? What is their role within the procedure, and how can they help to ensure that effective training occurs? I believe, above all, that supervision is first and foremost client, or supervisee, orientated. The main reason for wanting to enter any caring profession is always to do with helping others, and in this respect, supervision is no different. A caring nature, compassion, concern, availability, and the desire to see changed lives, all form part of my reasons for wanting to enter into this vocation. However, having these much needed elements does not form a good supervisor – it is just the starting point. Supervision aspires to take someone from this starting point and to shape them into a professional supervisor, who is able to perform all of the necessary functions that supervising entails. Teaching professional conduct, ethics and safety, different procedures, techniques, and so forth, it is through good supervision that good supervisors are formed – or, of course, the opposite. And, therefore, the

3 marketing strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 marketing strategies - Essay Example The market follower strategy makes the new entrant follow the existing technologies or products to maintain its own market share playing the role of counterfeit, cloner, imitator or adaptor. The third major launch strategy is the nichemanship where the new entrants target a small market segment and try to meet the needs of a certain group of customers offering premium price with specialization in the field. Emaar Group of Saudi Arabia entering the hotel business is an example of the market challenge strategy of business launch. Emaar Group is an established brand in the real estate sector in the country. Their offerings include houses, schools, healthcare centres and many more to which they are going to add â€Å"The Address Hotels and Resorts†, their five star premium global brand of leisure and hospitality. The hospitality sector is already a much flourished sector in the Saudi Arabia dominated by Jumeirah’s rep the leading hotel brand in the country. The fast and aggressive strategy of the Emaar Hospitality Group taking control over both business and leisure tourists through its sub brands including Resort, Retreat, Urban and Business with the help of its around 100 newly recruited hotel staff has threatened the business of Jumeirah’s rep. With this aggressive market challenge and attack strategy of launch the Emaar Group expects to control the hospitality marke t in the Middle East, North Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Asia, Europe and America in the next 10 years to come (Anon. â€Å"Joined up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2008). E-banking is not a new concept in the banking services when the Samba Financial Group started its business in the Saudi Arabia in 1980 taking over two existing branches of Citibank in the country. Since the beginning it initiated core banking system in its branches following the technology used by the Citibank and customizing it to fit

Wright Family Essay Example for Free

Wright Family Essay Following is an estate plan designed for Wright Family. It consists of Margaret and Tom Wright, and their first child is about to come. Their objectives are: 1. To grow their wealth to ensure that their debt levels are reduced in the long term. 2. To have sufficient funding to ensure that their and their children’s needs are met, without both having to work full-time. 3. To ensure that their joint assets are protected as far as possible from any potential litigants. Thus, the aim of clients is to preserve and enhance the value of their estate and to avoid adverse consequences for their intended beneficiaries. Circumstances Margaret and Tom Wright are bright young professional couple expecting their first child soon. They come from middle class background. Tom is a partner in a medium sized accounting firm and Margaret is a doctor working in a local clinic. Both are doing well in their fields as Tom is a partner in middle sized accounting firm and Margaret has prospects of becoming a partner in the clinic where she works. Tom is quite a bit older than Margaret and has an eight year old son from his ex-wife whom he has divorced. As a result of his divorce, he has significant borrowings that funded his property settlement. Tom feels that his ex-wife and his son have been adequately compensated and now his key objective is to ensure that Margaret and their new baby are fully provided for in the event of his death. He wants to ensure that his former wife cannot overthrow any arrangement he establishes for the benefit of Margaret and his new child. Similarly, Margaret would like to ensure that Tom benefits from her assets, and not his former wife or his son. They want to have sufficient funding to ensure that their needs and, most importantly, the needs of their children, are met. Ideally, they would like to be able to maintain a comfortable lifestyle without both having to work full-time. Funding Tom and Margaret Wright have certain assets which shall provide them funding for their estate. They are: Tom’s Assets: 1. Interest in his accounting practice ( through a discretionary trust which he controls solely), 2. The equity in which is funded through a life insurance policy on his life in the event of his death, 3. Some superannuation (a portion of which has been ‘split’ with his former wife), 4. The family home that he and Margaret share, that is mortgaged to about 80 per cent of its value, 5. A trust funded by an advance of his inheritance from his parents, that he uses to fund his child support payments. Margaret’s Assets: 1. Savings from her years of working, 2. An investment property with the inheritance she received from her parents. In addition to these existing funds, they can also look for increasing their funds in future. This can be done by investing more in municipal bonds, real estate, modified endowments, stocks and mutual funds. Though the return through any investment varies, but careful planning and expert advice can yield expected results. Options and impediments From available facts, it appears that Margaret and Tom Wright are people of modest wealth who need to reduce taxes, protect their assets and secure enough to maintain their lifestyle. They are also at risk of litigation from certain parties and they would like to mitigate that risk. Considering their circumstances and objectives, it shall be wise for them to formulate an estate plan before actually finalizing their funding and investment strategy. An ideal estate plan ensures speedy transfer of estate to the intended beneficiary without any hassles. It also maximizes the value of estate by minimizing taxes and other expenses. The idea is to take benefit of various exemption clauses present. A major tax that comes in case an estate is transferred to a beneficiary is the estate’s tax. This can be reduced if the value of estate owned by the deceased is less at the time of his death. Most of the planning strategies achieve this by transferring the estate step by step by using annual gift tax exemptions in cases where a will is present. â€Å"Estate planning for people of modest wealth is challenging because they face significant death taxes but do not have such a large base of wealth that they can easily afford to make significant lifetime gifts or other transfers to reduce the taxes which will arise when they die. †

Problems addressed by supply chain management

Problems addressed by supply chain management Problems addressed by supply chain management Supply chain management must address the following problems: Distribution Network Configuration: number, location and network missions of suppliers, production facilities, distribution centers, warehouses, cross-docks and customers. Distribution Strategy: questions of operating control (centralized, decentralized or shared); delivery scheme, e.g.,direct shipment, pool point shipping,cross docking, DSD (direct store delivery), closed loop shipping; mode of transportation, e.g.,motor carrier, including truckload,LTL,parcel;railroad; intermodal transport, including TOFC (trailer on flatcar) and COFC (container on flatcar); ocean freight; airfreight; replenishment strategy (e.g., pull, push or hybrid); and transportation control (e.g., owner-operated,private carrier,common carrier, contract carrier, or3PL). Trade-Offs in Logistical Activities: The above activities must be well coordinated in order to achieve the lowest total logistics cost. Trade-offs may increase the total cost if only one of the activities is optimized. For example, full truckload (FTL) rates are more economical on a cost per pallet basis than less than truckload (LTL) shipments. If, however, a full truckload of a product is ordered to reduce transportation costs, there will be an increase in inventory holding costs which may increase total logistics costs. It is therefore imperative to take a systems approach when planning logistical activities. These trade-offs are key to developing the most efficient and effective Logistics and SCM strategy. Information: Integration of processes through the supply chain to share valuable information, including demand signals, forecasts, inventory, transportation, potential collaboration, etc. Inventory Management: Quantity and location of inventory, including raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP) and finished goods. Cash-Flow: Arranging the payment terms and methodologies for exchanging funds across entities within the supply chain. Supply chain execution means managing and coordinating the movement of materials, information and funds across the supply chain. The flow is bi-directional. Activities/functions Supply chain management is a cross-function approach including managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end-consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they reduce their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and the velo city of inventory movement. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries.SCORis a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Council. Another model is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels . The CSCMP has adopted The American Productivity Quality Center (APQC) Process Classification FrameworkSMa high-level, industry-neutral enterprise process model that allows organizations to see their business processes from a cross-industry viewpoint. Strategic level Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehousing,distribution centers, and facilities. Strategic partnershipswith suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such ascross docking, direct shipping, andthird-party logistics. Product life cycle management, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain and capacity management activities. Information technologychain operations. Where-to-make andmake-buy decisions. Aligning overall organizational strategy with supply strategy. It is for long term and needs resource commitment. Tactical level Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. Production decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and planning process definition. Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. Benchmarkingof all operations against competitors and implementation ofbest practicesthroughout the enterprise. Milestone payments. Focus on customer demand and Habits. Operational level Daily production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities, warehousing and transportation to customers. Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. From production level to supply level accounting all transit damage cases arrange to settlement at customer level by maintaining company loss through insurance company. Importance of supply chain management Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or networks, to compete in the global market and networked economy.[7]In Peter Druckers (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies. During the past decades, globalization, outsourcing andinformation technologyhave enabled many organizations, such asDellandHewlett Packard, to successfully operate solid collaborative supply networks in which each specialized business partner focuses on only a few key strategic activities (Scott, 1993). This inter-organizational supply network can be acknowledged as a new form of organization. However, with the complicated interactions among the players, the network structure fits neither market nor hierarchy categories (Powell, 1990). It is not clear what kind of performance impacts different supply network structures could have on firms, and little is known about the coordination conditions and trade-offs that may exist among the players. From a systems perspective, a complex network structure can be decomposed into individual component firms (Zhang and Dilts, 2004). Traditionally, companies in a supply network concentrate on the inputs and outputs of the processes, with little co ncern for the internal management working of other individual players. Therefore, the choice of an internal management control structure is known to impact local firm performance (Mintzberg, 1979). In the 21st century, changes in the business environment have contributed to the development of supply chain networks. First, as an outcome of globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies, joint ventures, strategic alliances and business partnerships, significant success factors were identified, complementing the earlier Just-In-Time, Lean Manufacturing and Agile Manufacturing practices.[8]Second, technological changes, particularly the dramatic fall in information communication costs, which are a significant component of transaction costs, have led to changes in coordination among the members of the supply chain network (Coase, 1998). Many researchers have recognized these kinds of supply network structures as a new organization form, using terms such as Keiretsu, Extended Enterprise, Virtual Corporation, Global Production Network, and Next Generation Manufacturing System.[9]In general, such a structure can be defined as a group of semi-independent organizations, each with their capabilities, which collaborate in ever-changing constellations to serve one or more markets in order to achieve some business goal specific to that collaboration (Akkermans, 2001). The security management system for supply chains is described in ISO/IEC 28000 and ISO/IEC 28001 and related standards published jointly by ISOandIEC. Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The termsupply chain managementwas first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century, especially with the creation of the assembly line. The characteristics of this era of supply chain management include the need for large-scale changes, re-engineering, downsizing driven by cost reduction programs, and widespread attention to the Japanese practice of management. 2. integration era This era of supply chain management studies was highlighted with the development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the 1960s and developed through the 1990s by the introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This era has continued to develop into the 21st century with the expansion of internet-based collaborative systems. This era of supply chain evolution is characterized by both increasing value-adding and cost reductions through integration. In fact a supply chain can be classified as a Stage 1, 2 or 3 network. In stage 1 type supply chain, various systems such as Make, Storage, Distribution, Material control, etc are not linked and are independent of each other. In a stage 2 supply chain, these are integrated under one plan and is ERP enabled. A stage 3 supply chain is one in which vertical integration with the suppliers in upstream direction and customers in downstream direction is achieved. An example of this kind of supply chain is Tesco. 3. globalization era The third movement of supply chain management development, the globalization era, can be characterized by the attention given to global systems of supplier relationships and the expansion of supply chains over national boundaries and into other continents. Although the use of global sources in the supply chain of organizations can be traced back several decades (e.g., in the oil industry), it was not until the late 1980s that a considerable number of organizations started to integrate global sources into their core business. This era is characterized by the globalization of supply chain management in organizations with the goal of increasing their competitive advantage, value-adding, and reducing costs through global sourcing. 4. specialization eraà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬phase one: outsourced manufacturing and distribution In the 1990s, industries began to focus on â€Å"core competencies† and adopted a specialization model. Companies abandoned vertical integration, sold off non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies. This changed management requirements by extending the supply chain well beyond company walls and distributing management across specialized supply chain partnerships. This transition also re-focused the fundamental perspectives of each respective organization. OEMs became brand owners that needed deep visibility into their supply base. They had to control the entire supply chain from above instead of from within. Contract manufacturers had to manage bills of material with different part numbering schemes from multiple OEMs and support customer requests for work -in-process visibility and vendor-managed inventory (VMI). The specialization model creates manufacturing and distribution networks composed of multiple, individual supply chains specific to products, suppliers, and customers who work together to design, manufacture, distribute, market, sell, and service a product. The set of partners may change according to a given market, region, or channel, resulting in a proliferation of trading partner environments, each with its own unique characteristics and demands. 5. specialization eraà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬phase two: supply chain management as a service Specialization within the supply chain began in the 1980s with the inception of transportation brokerages, warehouse management, and non-asset-based carriers and has matured beyond transportation and logistics into aspects of supply planning, collaboration, execution and performance management. At any given moment, market forces could demand changes from suppliers, logistics providers, locations and customers, and from any number of these specialized participants as components of supply chain networks. This variability has significant effects on the supply chain infrastructure, from the foundation layers of establishing and managing the electronic communication between the trading partners to more complex requirements including the configuration of the processes and work flows that are essential to the management of the network itself. Supply chain specialization enables companies to improve their overall competencies in the same way that outsourced manufacturing and distribution has done; it allows them to focus on their core competencies and assemble networks of specific, best-in-class partners to contribute to the overall value chain itself, thereby increasing overall performance and efficiency. The ability to quickly obtain and deploy this domain-specific supply chain expertise without developing and maintaining an entirely unique and complex competency in house is the leading reason why supply chain specialization is gaining popularity. Outsourced technology hosting for supply chain solutions debuted in the late 1990s and has taken root primarily in transportation and collaboration categories. This has progressed from the Application Service Provider (ASP) model from approximately 1998 through 2003 to the On-Demand model from approximately 2003-2006 to the Software as a Service (SaaS) model currently in focus today. 6. supply chain management 2.0 (SCM 2.0) Building on globalization and specialization, the term SCM 2.0 has been coined to describe both the changes within the supply chain itself as well as the evolution of the processes, methods and tools that manage it in this new era. Web 2.0 is defined as a trend in the use of the World Wide Web that is meant to increase creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users. At its core, the common attribute that Web 2.0 brings is to help navigate the vast amount of information available on the Web in order to find what is being sought. It is the notion of a usable pathway. SCM 2.0 follows this notion into supply chain operations. It is the pathway to SCM results, a combination of the processes, methodologies, tools and delivery options to guide companies to their results quickly as the complexity and speed of the supply chain increase due to the effects of global competition, rapid price fluctuations, surging oil prices, short product life cycles, expanded specialization, near-/far- and off-shoring, and talent scarcity. SCM 2.0 leverages proven solutions designed to rapidly deliver results with the agility to quickly manage future change for continuous flexibility, value and success. This is delivered through competency networks composed of best-of-breed supply chain domain expertise to understand which elements, both operationally and organizationally, are the critical few that deliver the results as well as through intimate understanding of how to manage these elements to achieve desired results. Finally, the solutions are delivered in a variety of options, such as no-touch via business process outsourcing, mid-touch via managed services and software as a service (SaaS), or high touch in the traditional software deployment model. Supply chain business process integration Successful SCM requires a change from managing individual functions to integrating activities into key supply chain processes. An example scenario: the purchasing department places orders as requirements become known. The marketing department, responding to customer demand, communicates with several distributors and retailers as it attempts to determine ways to satisfy this demand. Information shared between supply chain partners can only be fully leveraged throughprocess integration. Supply chain business process integration involves collaborative work between buyers and suppliers, joint product development, common systems and shared information. According to Lambert and Cooper (2000), operating an integrated supply chain requires a continuous information flow. However, in many companies, management has reached the conclusion that optimizing the product flows cannot be accomplished without implementing a process approach to the business. The key supply chain processes stated by Lambert (2004)[10]are: Customer relationship management Customer service management Demand management Order fulfillment Manufacturing flow management Supplier relationship management Product development and commercialization Returns management Much has been written about demand management. Best-in-Class companies have similar characteristics, which include the following: a) Internal and external collaboration b) Lead time reduction initiatives c) Tighter feedback from customer and market demand d) Customer level forecasting One could suggest other key critical supply business processes which combine these processes stated by Lambert such as: Customerservice management Procurement Product development and commercialization Manufacturing flow management/support Physical distribution Outsourcing/partnerships Performance measurement a) Customerservice managementprocess Customer Relationship Management concerns the relationship between the organization and its customers. Customer service is the source of customer information. It also provides the customer with real-time information on scheduling and product availability through interfaces with the companys production and distribution operations. Successful organizations use the following steps to build customer relationships: determine mutually satisfying goals for organization and customers establish and maintain customer rapport produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers b) Procurement process Strategic plans are drawn up with suppliers to support the manufacturing flow management process and the development of new products. In firms where operations extend globally, sourcing should be managed on a global basis. The desired outcome is a win-win relationship where both parties benefit, and a reduction in time required for the design cycle and product development. Also, the purchasing function develops rapid communication systems, such aselectronic data interchange(EDI) and Internet linkage to convey possible requirements more rapidly. Activities related to obtaining products and materials from outside suppliers involve resource planning, supply sourcing, negotiation, order placement, inbound transportation, storage, handling andquality assurance, many of which include the responsibility to coordinate with suppliers on matters of scheduling, supply continuity, hedging, and research into new sources or programs. c) Product development and commercialization Here, customers and suppliers must be integrated into the product development process in order to reduce time to market. As product life cycles shorten, the appropriate products must be developed and successfully launched with ever shorter time-schedules to remain competitive. According to Lambert and Cooper (2000), managers of the product development and commercialization process must: coordinate with customer relationship management to identify customer-articulated needs; select materials and suppliers in conjunction with procurement, and develop production technology in manufacturing flow to manufacture and integrate into the best supply chain flow for the product/market combination. d) Manufacturing flow management process The manufacturing process produces and supplies products to the distribution channels based on past forecasts. Manufacturing processes must be flexible to respond to market changes and must accommodate mass customization. Orders are processes operating on a just-in-time (JIT) basis in minimum lot sizes. Also, changes in the manufacturing flow process lead to shorter cycle times, meaning improved responsiveness and efficiency in meeting customer demand. Activities related to planning, scheduling and supporting manufacturing operations, such as work-in-process storage, handling, transportation, and time phasing of components, inventory at manufacturing sites and maximum flexibility in the coordination of geographic and final assemblies postponement of physical distribution operations. e) Physical distribution This concerns movement of a finished product/service to customers. In physical distribution, the customer is the final destination of a marketing channel, and the availability of the product/service is a vital part of each channel participants marketing effort. It is also through the physical distribution process that the time and space of customer service become an integral part of marketing, thus it links a marketing channel with its customers (e.g., links manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers). f) Outsourcing/partnerships This is not just outsourcing the procurement of materials and components, but also outsourcing of services that traditionally have been provided in-house. The logic of this trend is that the company will increasingly focus on those activities in the value chain where it has a distinctive advantage, and outsource everything else. This movement has been particularly evident inlogisticswhere the provision of transport, warehousing and inventory control is increasingly subcontracted to specialists or logistics partners. Also, managing and controlling this network of partners and suppliers requires a blend of both central and local involvement. Hence, strategic decisions need to be taken centrally, with the monitoring and control of supplier performance and day-to-day liaison with logistics partners being best managed at a local level. g) Performance measurement Experts found a strong relationship from the largest arcs of supplier and customer integration to market share and profitability. Taking advantage of supplier capabilities and emphasizing a long-term supply chain perspective in customer relationships can both be correlated with firm performance. As logistics competency becomes a more critical factor in creating and maintaining competitive advantage, logistics measurement becomes increasingly important because the difference between profitable and unprofitable operations becomes more narrow. A.T. Kearney Consultants (1985) noted that firms engaging in comprehensive performance measurement realized improvements in overall productivity. According to experts, internal measures are generally collected and analyzed by the firm including Cost Customer Service Productivity measures Asset measurement, and Quality. External performance measurement is examined through customer perception measures and best practice benchmarking, and includes 1) customer perception measurement, and 2) best practice benchmarking. h)Warehousing management: As a case of reducing company cost expenses, warehousing management is carrying the valuable role against operations. In case of perfect storing office with all convenient facilities in company level, reducing manpower cost, dispatching authority with on time delivery, loading unloading facilities with proper area, area for service station, stock management system etc. Components of supply chain management are as follows: 1. Standardization 2. Postponement 3. Customization Theories of supply chain management Currently there is a gap in the literature available on supply chain management studies: there is no theoretical support for explaining the existence and the boundaries of supply chain management. A few authors such as Halldorsson, et al. (2003), Ketchen and Hult (2006) and Lavassani, et al. (2009) have tried to provide theoretical foundations for different areas related to supply chain by employing organizational theories. These theories include: Resource-Based View (RBV) Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA) Knowledge-Based View (KBV) Strategic Choice Theory (SCT) Agency Theory (AT) Institutional theory (InT) Systems Theory (ST) Network Perspective (NP) Materials Logistics Management (MLM) Just-in-Time(JIT) Material Requirements Planning(MRP) Theory of Constraints(TOC) Total Quality Management(TQM) Agile Manufacturing Time Based Competition (TBC) Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) Customer Relationship Management(CRM) and many more , Supply chain centroids Tax efficient supply chain management Tax Efficient Supply Chain Managementis a business model which consider the effect ofTaxin design and implementation of supply chain management. This is different in the context of an international issue as businesses which is cross-nation pay different tax rates in different countries. Due to the differences, global players have the opportunity to calculate and optimize supply chain based on tax efficiencylegally. This is one method of gaining more profit for companies in the international trade, i.e. within the parameter of a global supply chain. Supply chain sustainability Supply chain sustainabilityis a business issue affecting an organizations supply chain or logistics network and is frequently quantified by comparison with SECH ratings. SECH ratings are defined associal, ethical, cultural and healthfootprints. Consumers have become more aware of the environmental impact of their purchases and companies SECH ratings and, along with non-governmental organizations ([NGO]s), are setting the agenda for transitions to organically-grown foods, anti-sweatshop labor codes and locally-produced goods that support independent and small businesses. Because supply chains frequently account for over 75% of a companyscarbon footprint[14]many organizations are exploring how they can reduce this and thus improve their SECH rating. For example, in July, 2009 the U.S. basedWal-Martcorporation announced its intentions to create a globalsustainabilityindex that would rate products according to the environmental and social impact made while the products were manufactured and distributed. The sustainability rating index is intended to create environmental accountability in Wal-Marts supply chain, and provide the motivation andinfrastructurefor other retail industry companies to do the same. Components of supply chain management integration The management components of SCM The SCM components are the third element of the four-square circulation framework. The level of integration and management of a business process link is a function of the number and level, ranging from low to high, of components added to the link (Ellram and Cooper, 1990; Houlihan, 1985). Consequently, adding more management components or increasing the level of each component can increase the level of integration of the business process link. The literature on business process re-engineering,buyer-supplier relationships,and SCMsuggests various possible components that must receive managerial attention when managing supply relationships. Lambert and Cooper (2000) identified the following components: Planning and control Work structure Organization structure Product flow facility structure Information flow facility structure Management methods Power and leadership structure Risk and reward structure Culture and attitude However, a more careful examination of the existing literature[19]leads to a more comprehensive understanding of what should be the key critical supply chain components, the branches of the previous identified supply chain business processes, that is, what kind of relationship the components may have that are related to suppliers and customers. Bowersox and Closs states that the emphasis on cooperation represents the synergism leading to the highest level of joint achievement (Bowersox and Closs, 1996). A primary level channel participant is a business that is willing to participate in the inventory ownership responsibility or assume other aspects of financial risk, thus including primary level components (Bowersox and Closs, 1996). A secondary level participant (specialized) is a business that participates in channel relationships by performing essential services for primary participants, including secondary level components, which support primary participants. Third level channel p articipants and components that support the primary level channel participants and are the fundamental branches of the secondary level components may also be included. Consequently, Lambert and Coopers framework of supply chain components does not lead to any conclusion about what are the primary or secondary (specialized) level supply chain components (see Bowersox and Closs, 1996, p.93). That i

Mba Y De La Educación Ejecutiva

Mba Y De La Educacià ³n Ejecutiva Publicado: Sà ¡bado, 14 de febrero de 2009 a las 06:00 Las escuelas de negocios replantean la enseà ±anza de valores tras la crisis y los fraudes recientes; la actual debacle econà ³mica es la primera que protagonizan los graduados de estos programas. expansion Estafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusià ³n. (Foto: Jorge Garaiz)Estafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusià ³n. (Foto: Jorge Garaiz) ARTà CULOS RELACIONADOS IPADE e ITAM, los mejores MBA en 2009 La escuela de negocios de la Universidad Panamericana corona de nuevo el ranking de Expansià ³n. MBA de Harvard lidera ranking global 6 escuelas de EU, 3 inglesas y una espaà ±ola son la mà ¡s prestigiadas en la lista 2009 de Expansià ³n. Los mejores MBA de Mà ©xico 2008 El IPADE es la mejor opcià ³n para estudiar una Maestrà ­a en Administracià ³n de Negocios en el paà ­s Los mejores MBA globales 2008 El Master de Stanford es el ganador del ranking de Expansià ³n 2008 y Harvard le pisa los talones OTROS ENLACES enfoques Testimonios y tips enfoques 17 opciones en Mà ©xico Por: Gustavo Stok y Marco Appel BUENOS AIRES/BRUSELAS — La crisis puso en evidencia las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y de su formacià ³n. Mientras asimilan el daà ±o a su imagen, las escuelas de negocios empiezan a debatir y ensayan cambios en sus programas y mà ©todos de enseà ±anza. La sucesià ³n de escà ¡ndalos financieros, desde las acusaciones al CEO de Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld Jr, por el presunto ocultamiento de informacià ³n sobre el estado financiero del banco, hasta la estafa por unos 50,000 MDD de Bernard Madoff, ex presidente del Nasdaq, revigorizà ³ una discusià ³n que no es nueva. â€Å"Esta reflexià ³n sobre la importancia de la à ©tica, del gobierno corporativo y de la responsabilidad social ya nos la hemos hecho cuando se produjo la debacle de Enron y las puntocom. Pero no fue suficiente: al cabo de unos aà ±os, volvimos a las andadas†, dice Joan Fontrodona, director del departamento de Ética de la IESE Business School, la escuela de direccià ³n de la Universidad de Navarra, en Barcelona. No obstante, el gran cambio para las escuelas de negocios es que, a diferencia de lo que sucedà ­a hace casi una dà ©cada, esta discusià ³n sobre la à ©tica ejecutiva ya no constituye un mero ejercicio intelectual reflejado en casos de anà ¡lisis. Ahora, encontrar respuestas es una necesidad imperiosa para limitar los daà ±os a la imagen de los centros de estudios. Esa necesidad fue uno de los motores que impulsaron a mà ¡s de 250 decanos de escuelas de negocios de todo el mundo a reunirse por primera vez el 6 de diciembre pasado en la sede de las Naciones Unidas, en Nueva York, para discutir cà ³mo pueden enseà ±ar a las nuevas generaciones de là ­deres corporativos el valor global de la responsabilidad social. El Global Forum for Responsible Management Education tiene su origen en una iniciativa de varias escuelas que arrancà ³ en 2007, cuando la crisis financiera ya era un hecho. â€Å"Inclusià ³n y economà ­a global sustentable son palabras nuevas en las escuelas de negocios; hay que volverlas habituales†, dijo en aquel encuentro à ngel Cabrera, presidente de la Thunderbird School of Global Management y titular de la fuerza de tarea internacional que delineà ³ los principios à ©ticos que se difundieron en esa reunià ³n. Cambios en marcha A fines de noviembre pasado, Harvard publicà ³ una profunda investigacià ³n sobre cuà ¡l es el futuro de los MBA y de la educacià ³n ejecutiva. El informe, en el que participaron 30 decanos de las escuelas mà ¡s prestigiosas del mundo, pone sobre la mesa tres cuestiones que los centros de estudios deberà ­an incluir en sus programas para hacer frente a los desafà ­os actuales: globalizacià ³n, enseà ±anza experimental y desarrollo del liderazgo. Este à ºltimo à ­tem es, precisamente, uno de los dà ©ficits que dejà ³ mà ¡s en evidencia la crisis. Los especialistas sostienen que, en los à ºltimos aà ±os, buena parte de los MBA girà ³ hacia un tipo de educacià ³n calificada en el à ¡mbito cuantitativo, pero sin una buena formacià ³n en las llamadas ‘habilidades blandas.  ¿Resultado? Carencia de là ­deres con capacidad para gestionar, comunicar y solucionar problemas mà ¡s allà ¡ de sus funciones. A esto se sumà ³ la tendencia creciente a formar directivos cuya exclusiva preocupacià ³n pasa por otorgar beneficios a los accionistas, y lograr para sà ­ mismos los jugosos incentivos. â€Å"Con la crisis actual hemos quebrado tambià ©n una idea acerca del objetivo de las escuelas de negocios†, dijo Edward Freeman, profesor de Ética de la Darden School of Business, de la Universidad de Virginia, en un panel, el pasado 24 de septiembre. â€Å"Lo que hacen es capacitar a los estudiantes para convertirlos en especialistas funcionales, pero por lo que deberà ­an estar preocupadas, antes que nada, es por entender cà ³mo formar là ­deres que generen valor para los consumidores, proveedores, trabajadores, la comunidad y tambià ©n para los inversionistas. Esos elementos van unidos, no separados. Si yo fuera profesor de Finanzas, me sentirà ­a humillado porque da la impresià ³n que hicimos mal las cosas†. Las escuelas de negocios estadounidenses que vieron salir a sus egresados de Lehman, Merril Lynch y otras firmas en crisis, no accedieron a las solicitudes de entrevista formuladas por Expansià ³n. Harvard no respondià ³ los pedidos, en NYU Stern seà ±alaron que tenà ­an â€Å"otras prioridades urgentes que atender† y desde Wharton invitaron a consultar el anà ¡lisis realizado sobre el origen de la crisis financiera en su pà ¡gina de internet. Ética y catarsis En Amà ©rica Latina, las principales escuelas de negocios creen que los ajustes en sus programas y mà ©todos de enseà ±anza no serà ¡n tan profundos como los que se esperan en EU.  ¿La razà ³n? â€Å"(en Amà ©rica Latina) la preocupacià ³n por temas à ©ticos ya habà ­a sido consistente en los à ºltimos aà ±os†, dice Leonidas Montes, profesor de Economà ­a, Instituciones e Ideas Polà ­ticas y Ética de los Negocios de la Universidad Adolfo Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez, en Santiago de Chile. En todo caso, en tiempos de crisis, la apuesta pasa por fortalecer las discusiones de corte formativo, de à ©tica y balance de vida. En Mà ©xico, el IPADE, que siempre se ha enfocado en los valores, lo està ¡ haciendo mediante el anà ¡lisis de casos emblemà ¡ticos. Uno de ellos es el de Vicente, un financiero egresado de esta escuela, de 32 aà ±os, con voracidad por el dinero, que duerme poco, toma medicamentos y està ¡ distanciado de su esposa y amigos. â€Å"Todo eso conforma una problemà ¡tica oculta, de la que no se habla con los jefes. A veces porque los mismos jefes son ‘Vicentes que tienen a cargo a otros ‘Vicentes. La crisis econà ³mica es consecuencia de esos individualismos, de los problemas de personas y grupos de personas†¦ y a ese tipo de gente se le ha formado en las escuelas de negocios†, dice Carlos Alejandro Armenta Pico, profesor de Ética del IPADE. Ademà ¡s de Vicente, esta institucià ³n trabaja con otros casos paradigmà ¡tic os, como el de un ejecutivo enredado en un sistema que premia al que trabaja 16 horas por dà ­a, entre otros ejemplos. En Argentina, el IAE Business School, en tanto, incluyà ³ en su oferta una serie de seminarios utilizados para catarsis de los ejecutivos. â€Å"En tiempos de crisis, los tres grandes ejes temà ¡ticos de las escuelas de negocios debieran ser valores à ©ticos, gobierno corporativo y, el mà ¡s importante, cà ³mo motivar a la gente en situaciones como la crisis†, dice Josà © Marà ­a Corrales, profesor y director del à ¡rea acadà ©mica de Sistemas de Direccià ³n y Control del IAE, en Buenos Aires. â€Å"La escuela (†¦es) tambià ©n el à ¡mbito para que altos directivos hagan una suerte de catarsis, compartir experiencias. Hay mucha inquietud, mucha desazà ³n, y eso està ¡ generando una alta demanda en los seminarios†. Los especialistas advierten que esto tendrà ¡ efectos globales. â€Å"Los MBA no tendrà ¡n la misma influencia si se les ve como boletos automà ¡ticos a ciertos empleos†, comenta Philippe Haspeslagh, decano de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, en Bà ©lgica. En tanto, para el argentino Claudio Fernà ¡ndez Arà ¡oz, socio de la firma de cazatalentos Egon Zehnder Internacional, una de las consecuencias pasarà ¡ por imponer criterios mà ¡s rigurosos de seleccià ³n del personal. â€Å"La demanda de los MBA no deberà ­a disminuir, si bien las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as tendrà ¡n que ser mucho mà ¡s cuidadosas y selectivas en sus contrataciones†, dice. Avaricia y falta de à ©tica, ausencia de liderazgo e individualismo. La crisis dejà ³ al desnudo las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y, por extensià ³n, de su formacià ³n. â€Å"Nos guste o no, las escuelas de negocios nos veremos afectadas () Eso sà ­, es probable que, en primer tà ©rmino, se observe mà ¡s hacia las escuelas estadounidenses, mà ¡s enfocadas en finanzas†, comenta Camino de Paz, directora ejecutiva de programas MBA de la IE-Instituto de Empresa Business School, en Espaà ±a. Las escuelas europeas, incluso, esperan que crezca el interà ©s por estudiar en Europa por sobre EU. A Katia Muà ±oz Serrano le ofrecieron una beca para estudiar un MBA en Boston, â€Å"pero lo rechacà © porque culturalmente no encontraba valor agregado en Estados Unidos†, dice. Ella escogià ³ la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School porque era la à ºnica que tenà ­a un enfoque en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Las escuelas europeas confà ­an en que casos como à ©ste se multipliquen e intentan marcar distancias con las estadounidenses. â€Å"Hay una gran diferencia entre las escuelas que orientan sus MBA a una enseà ±anza mà ¡s amplia del management, y las otras que llamamos ‘fà ¡bricas de MBA, que està ¡n dirigidas a (satisfacer) a Wall Street o Londres: mà ¡s de 60% de los estudiantes de MBA està ¡n trabajando en el sector financiero†, seà ±ala Haspeslagh, de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School. â€Å"El prestigio de nuestras escuelas podrà ­a verse un poco menos daà ±ado que el de las estadounidenses, y aunque todavà ­a es muy pronto para determinar si mà ¡s candidatos latinoamericanos van a volver la vista a las escuelas europeas, si el debate y la polà ©mica sobre los valores crecen, es posible que haya mà ¡s interesados en Latinoamà ©rica por nuestras escuelas†, prevà © Camino de Paz, de la IE.

College Admissions Essay: Art Therapy and Animal Therapy :: College Admissions Essays

Art Therapy and Animal Therapy    As another wave of excited, hopeful seniors pack their cars for college, the community that nurtured them watches them go with nostalgia and anticipation at what these bright new adults will make with the talents bestowed on them and with the mountains of opportunity available to them. The students are brimming with anticipation also - what possibilities await them! As I take my place with my fellow classmates, I watch my old community fade into the distance and wonder how I will contribute to my community in the future.    My career choices have varied throughout the years with a colorful strand threading my love for animals, art and people. I intend to major in psychology with a minor in art. My dream is to help people through my compassion and creativity. Art therapy and animal therapy are exciting fields of work hungry for new talent and well-educated, dedicated professionals. My love of these lines of work stems from having witnessed the wrinkled hand of an infirm, elderly woman stroke the soft fur of a dog, immediately brightening and starting to communicate her first words in years. I have also understood the intense relief of parents of a sick, depressed child whose interest in her artwork sparks renewed interest in the world around her. My artistic ability, strength in science, love of animals and passion for bettering the lives around me give me daily reasons why I know I am committed to this field.    However, the reasons do not stop there. I want to extend my vision into the community, perhaps starting a program in my church community that involves participants taking small pets on their visits to nursing home residents. I could even involve surrounding youth groups in work on art projects with the youth at our local children's home. Getting the community involved in such projects opens new outlets of creativity to flow into a cause I am so passionate about. Plus, the participation can be a healing, nurturing experience on both sides. With my sometimes-stubborn determination and enthusiasm for this endeavor, I will be able to involve my community in worthwhile efforts to improve the conditions of many of those who need most need assistance.

Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

Lord Of The Flies Book Analysis Title: Lord of the Flies Author: William Golding Date of original publication: 1954 Setting:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of Lord of the Flies is somewhat vague. The island is unnamed, and besides stating that it is during wartime, there is no specific date given. The island is uninhabited, and characterized by a beach, jungles, orchards, and a rocky mountain. The jungle that surrounds the characters represents death. It is dark and entangled in vines, which remind the small boys of snakes, and instill fear. This setting is also significant because it is isolated from civilized society. As the plot progresses, the lack of civility causes the society, built by the children, to deteriorate. Characters: Ralph:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At about twelve years old, Ralph is among the oldest of the boys on the island. He is described as a â€Å"fair-haired† boy with mild facial features. He is the first character introduced and plays the role of the protagonist. He is somewhat charismatic, but is admittedly frightened by the situation. Ralph begins as an innocent boy but ends up very mature from dealing with conflicts and adult decisions throughout his leadership. He believes that survival can only be achieved by the presence of peace and order. He tries, somewhat unsuccessfully, to build a stable, civilized society. Ralph is a perfect character however. He struggles as a leader, and has to rely on Piggy, a boy who he respects for his maturity and knowledge, for advice. As the chief, Ralph notices that many of the boys are not following the rules, but he does not subject anyone to punishment. This leads to anarchy, and the creation of Jack’s tribe. Eventually, many of the boys abandon Ralph, and although against his initial values, he tries to join Jack to escape the loneliness he has experienced. Toward the end of the novel, Ralph is hunted by Jack and his followers, but is able to the beach where he finds a naval officer to rescue him. This is the first time that Ralph is relieved from his internal and external conflicts. Piggy:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piggy, who is about the same age as Ralph, never reveals his actual name throughout the novel. He is overweight, asthmatic, and wears glasses. These physical weaknesses cause him to be whiny and less useful in work. He is described as a bad looking character, who is disrespected and considered an outsider by the rest of the boys.

The Pros and Cons of Homeschooling Essay -- Pro Con Essays

All children in America have the right to a quality education. Most students receive that education through conventional means, going to a public or private school. There is another option for today's children, home schooling. Home schooling is a controversial issue. While it does have its benefits, some people believe it has too many downfalls to be an effective method of education. In this paper, topics such as academic impact, social impact, and parental opinions of home schooling will be discussed. Perhaps the most significant impact of home schooling is the actual learning. There are many academic advantages. In a home schooling situation, there is no doubt a more individualized program of study than any traditional school can offer. Whatever a child's pace or level of ability is, it can be met directly. A parent or tutor can focus exactly on what the child needs extra help or improvement in, as well as what the child excels at.(Ray, 2014) In a public school, teachers must teach to "the middle" and have little time to cater to an individual student's needs on a regular basis. There is also room for a better quality of learning in a home schooling setting. Parents or tutors in a home school setting do not have to waste time with administrative tasks or repeating directions. They can get down to learning and reviewing. If a child is ok with a subject, they can move on. A child who is home schooled also has the opportunity to take part in a greater number of alternative learning experiences. For example, if a parent feels that a trip to a museum will better get a point across, on the spur of the moment they can take their child. Such spontaneity would not be possible in a regular school classroom. A certain structure is expected in a public school. In home schooling, parents or tutors are free to teach using methods they deem appropriate to the situation and the student. In a traditional school, much time is wasted. The students need time to change classes, get out their homework, pass out papers, etc. Even getting to school is a long trek for some students. In a home schooling setting, these trivial tasks are greatly reduced. For example, the first day of school in a public or private traditional school normally means a lot of paperwork and administrative tasks. Students spend most of the day getting lockers and filling out emergency cards so t... ...l that it is a decision that a parent needs to make, based on what they feel are important standards for learning. Home schooling provides a more relaxed environment, with a one on one learning environment and a flexible schedule. It also provides a pace that is best for the child, an environment on areas children want to focus on as well as confident student who doesn ¦Ãƒ t have to deal with the feelings of others. However, it decreases the socialization of the child, less exposure to different ethnicities and a limited view of the real world. The parents probably do not have the knowledge they need to teach, there are more distractions to deal with and parents may not know how to teach. These ideas are serious to think about and only add to the controversial idea of home schooling. Articles/Scholarly Sources Ray, Brian D. Customization through Home schooling Education Leadership, April 2014, Volume 59. Issue 7. Romanowski, Michael. Common Arguments about the Strengths and Limitations of Home Schooling Clearing House, Nov/Dec 2014, Vol.75, Issue 2. Internet Sources www.homeschooling.about.com www.learninfreedom.com www.homeschoolingonline.org

Most common learning disabilities are in reading

The most common acquisition disablements are in reading. Children with larning disablements besides have jobs with attending, memory, and behavioural jobs as a consequence of defeat. The term â€Å" learning disablements † covers a combination of possible causes, symptoms, interventions, and results. What is a larning disablement? With at least 12 definitions that appear in professional literature, there is no exact definition. Most experts agree that the acquisition disabled have troubles with academic accomplishment and advancement and that disagreement exist between a individual ‘s potency for larning and what he really learns. Learning jobs are non due to environmental disadvantages, mental deceleration, or emotional perturbation Dyslexia is the most recognizable term in the field of larning disablements. It is typically associated with a kid ‘s inability to larn to read. There is much involvement in how to handle dyslexia through placing specific patterns and techniques for developing and bettering the reading accomplishments of kids. A common misconception with the term is that parents and others may believe that dyslexia is a cause for a kid ‘s trouble acquisition to read and are incognizant of the existent significance of the term. Dyslexia is a descriptive term, which means damage in the ability to read. Lending to the misunderstanding of the term dyslexia, are recent media studies about dyslexia and about research workers who are get downing to place anatomical and chemical differences in the encephalons of good and hapless readers When reading the article about Jeffrey H. Gallet was really animating to me because what he had to get the better of while being in school and non cognizing that he was populating with dyslexia bulk of his grownup life. Therefore going a successful justice makes me desire to endeavor even further in my instruction way. I was diagnosed tardily in college of holding dyslexia, affected my surveies in the extent that I ab initio picked subjects non suited to my acquisition demands. For illustration I struggle with foreign linguistic communication and Science even though I excelled in topics I thought would give me the most jobs such as English and History. This was n't the first of my jobs. It foremost started in First grade when I was introduced to reading and composing. That is when my parents were told that I was holding trouble and was unable to larn Phonics. I was ne'er told of my job from my parents or instructors. I was merely past through in the educational system. I ever got by with B ‘s, C ‘s and D ‘s. I was ever placed in particular instruction category. At that clip no one knew what was incorrect with me. Why could I non read or compose like the remainder of the pupils. I ‘m positive that holding been diagnosed with dyslexia affected my overall public presentation if I would hold had been diagnosed sooner I feel that my academic public presentation could hold improved over the old ages. By holding dyslexia I feel that instructors may be peculiarly confused by the pupil whose consistent underachievement seems due to what may look like sloppiness or deficiency of attempt. These kids can be made to experience really different from their equals merely because they may be unable to follow simple instructions, which for others seem easy. It is a category instructor ‘s duty to supply an atmosphere conducive to larning for all students within their category. Class instructors need to hold an apprehension of the jobs that the dyslexic kid may hold within the schoolroom state of affairs. Hopefully, with this cognition, a great trade of misinterpretation of a kid ‘s behaviour can be prevented. In a positive and encouraging environment, a dyslexic kid will see the feeling of success and self-value. Of peculiar importance is an apprehension of the jobs that hapless auditory short term memory can do, in footings of retaining input from the instructor. Examples of hapless audile short term memory can be a trouble in retrieving the sounds in spoken words long plenty to fit these, in sequence, with letters for spelling. Often kids with hapless audile short term memory can non retrieve even a short list of instructions. In decision to be able to learn, every bit far as possible, harmonizing to each kid ‘s educational demands, it is indispensable to see him or her as a whole individual, complete with single strengths and failings. An apprehension of the student ‘s specific troubles, and how they may impact the pupil ‘s schoolroom public presentation, can enable the instructor to follow learning methods and schemes to assist the dyslexic kid to be successfully integrated into the schoolroom environment. Dyslexics have much strength: unwritten accomplishments, comprehension, good ocular spacial awareness/artistic abilities. More and more dyslexic kids could go gifted and talented members of our schools if we worked non merely with their specific countries of trouble, but besides their specific countries of strengths from an early age. To make this we have to allow travel of antique point of views that a dyslexic kid must first neglect in order to be identified. These are the kids of our hereafter and they have a right to assist and back up before they develop the awful sense of failure which is so insidious. Class instructors covering with dyslexic kids need to be flexible in their attack, so that they can, every bit far as possible, happen a method that suits the student, instead than anticipating that all students will larn in the same manner. Above all, there must be an apprehension from all who teach them, that they may hold many endowments and accomplishments. Their abilities must non be measured strictly on the footing of their troubles in geting literacy accomplishments. Dyslexic kids, like all kids, thrive on challenges and success