Women and their eating disorders Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Eating disorders are known to affect both women and men, but are more common among women and less common among men (Keel et al. , 2007). A variety of studies, including Keel et al. (2007) have reported that the development of eating disorders is triggered by the cultural ideals socialised within society, about the ideal shape and size of the body of women, which is considerably below the weight of an average woman. The social model communicated by the media and the society triggers the feelings of dissatisfaction, which are complemented by the attention offered to weight changes among women, leading to depression. This paper will explore the eating disorders of women, contrasting incidence levels with those of men, where it can shed more light on the depth of the problem. DISCUSSION The eating disorders of women Disordered eating and eating disorders are complex problems affecting both women and men, but which are more common among women. The development of eating disorders is triggered by a variety of factors: familial, cultural, social, biological and psychological. Contrary to the thinking of many people, eating disorders are not entirely related to weight issues and food (Becker et al. , 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Women and their eating disorders or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Instead, weight and food issues are the indicators of the intrinsic problem underlying the symptoms. In order to understand disordered eating and eating disorders more deeply, it is important to examine these problems and the people affected by them, as well as the many factors that contribute to the development of the problems (Becker et al. , 1999). Many women suffer from the difficulties caused by disordered eating, but only the behaviours of a few progress into full-blown disorders, including bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder (Becker et al. , 1999). Anorexia nervosa This disorder refers to self-imposed starvation, which is caused by the fear of becoming fat or gaining weight. In many cases, the victims are underweight, at below 15 percent the weight of a healthy person of their height and stature. The disorder is characterised by the distortion of the body image of the victim; she will hold the opinion that she is fat, irrespective of being underweight (Becker et al. , 1999). Among women, this eating disorder triggers amenorrhea, which is the loss of three consecutive menstrual cycles. Bulimia nervosa This disorder refers to the recurrence of purging and binge eating, for at least twice a week. During the incidence of a binge, the person will consume foods that contribute uncontrollably large calorie counts of between 1500 and 3000 in a span of less than one hour (Becker et al. , 1999).

Youth Gangs, Drugs, Violence Essay - 2317 Words

Gang involvement and its associated violent crime have become a rapidly growing problem for the United States. Generally, gangs consist of young people of the same ethnic, racial, and economic background. Usually of a low socio-economic status, these gangs engage in illegal money making activities and intimidate their neighborhoods and rival gangs with violent crimes and victimization. Gang members exemplify a high value for group loyalty and sacrifice. Gangs often target youth when recruiting new members, with the average age of initiation being 13 years old (Omizo, Omizo, and Honda). A personal interview with police gang specialist, Rob Geis, revealed that the rapid growth of gangs is resulting in recruitment at shockingly young†¦show more content†¦Power seekers are also drawn to gang life, which tend to commit crimes that victimize others. One ex-gang member, Lupita explains that she â€Å"liked belonging to a gang because people recognized her power and they respected her† (Bazan, Harris, and Lorentzen 380). Gang members use deceptive tactics to prey on the youth by promising protection, acceptance, power, and material wealth. Joining a gang seems to be the best option for disadvantaged youth because it gives them what they are longing for. However, this comes at a price. Gang involvement negatively affects the quality of life of the involved youth and surrounding communities. The criminal activities and violence surrounding gang membership often lead to imprisonment and/or death. Gang involvement discourages personal upward mobility through the avenue of education; instead, placing importance on group success. Although non-gang members may also participate in risky activities like binge drinking, marijuana use, and drug selling, gang affiliation greatly increases exposure and likelihood to partake in these activities. Studies show that â€Å"early alcohol use and early marijuana use are both identified risk factors for joining a gang among adolescents† (Swahn et. al 354). Youth gang members are also exposed to hard drugs because of gang involvement in the illegal drug market. Many youth gang members in theseShow MoreRelatedLife Of A Gang : Youth853 Words   |  4 PagesLife in a Gang Youth are exposed to gang life at an early age, sometimes as early as 10 or 11 years old. Observing older and respected gang members can often lead to impressions among youth that lead them to believe gang life is the way to gain access to things such as status, money and prestige. Research states that older more established gang members will utilize youth to their advantage by having them steal for the gang, buy and sell drugs, carry weapons and commit other crimes in hopes to evadeRead MoreYouth Participation In Gangs Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesYouth participation in gangs actually decreased from 1996 to 2004, but the violence within these gangs has not. Homicides committed by youth gang members still remain as a monumental problem across the United States of America. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported in its 2004 survey of youth gangs that there were an estimated 760,000 gang members that year. Many of the kids affiliated with gangs come from lower income, single parent homes; therefore, the youths of AmericaRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesPrevention Act. Today, youth gangs exist in nearly every state. A gang is basically an organized group of criminals fill with mostly juveniles. Some different types of gangs are Latin King, Crip, Bloods and etc. One expert estimates that more than 3,875 youth gangs with a total of more than 200,000 gang members are established in the 79 largest U.S. cities. Gang activity has extended beyond the inner city of major population centers into smaller communities and suburbs. Today s gangs are best characterizedRead MoreThe Gang Resistance Education And Training ( Great ) Program1298 Words   |  6 Pagescreation for the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, America’s inner cities was experiencing a substantial increase of gang membership along the youth living in impoverished communities. During the early 1990s, many viewed gang activity as a particular community’s problem, but as youth and gang violence was increasing drastically across the United States’ inner ci ties, the public’s perception about this social issue changed. Due to the rapid rise of gang violence and youth membershipRead MoreGang Violence Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagestheir home. Gang violence in youths is a prominent problem around numerous portions of the world today. Youths are forced to go along with the engagements taken place in the gang which can be cataclysmic to society and themselves. The life of a youth and their family can be altered by just one simple decision to join a gang, put many people in danger of being hurt, however there are still many workable solutions to put these youths back on track. When a youth elects to join a gang it is typicallyRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 Pages March 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, however, the Federal Definition according to NationalRead MoreYouth Gang Prevention Efforts : A Two Pronged Prevention843 Words   |  4 PagesYouth Gang Prevention Efforts A two-pronged prevention approach has proven effective, with primary prevention strategies aimed at the community s general population and secondary prevention strategies targeting youth between the ages of 7 and 14 who are at high risk of joining gangs. Prevention efforts undertaken by law enforcement departments around the country include: â€Å"Participating in community awareness campaigns (e.g. developing public service announcements and poster campaigns). ContactingRead MoreGangs Of Gangs1136 Words   |  5 PagesYouth gangs and the violence around them has grown in America. The gang related crimes committed by these youth gangs has risen and the age of these members had dropped. The youth are turning to the gang life at a younger age than ever before. In this essay I will dive into the different geographic types and their youth gangs. We will also take a look at age, gender, and the race of these gang members. Gang related crimes and local gang violence factors will also be discussed in this essay. GangsRead MoreYouth Gang Membership : A Serious Problem Affecting Many Youths Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Gang membership is a serious problem affecting many youths in America. Per the National Youth Gang Survey by the U.S. Justice Department puts the number of youths in gangs at only about 302,000. But a 2015 study by G. Gately found that there are more than 1 million youth gang members. Many youth gang members join around 12 and 13 years old, peaking at 14 years of age (Tara Young, 2014). This review will detail the main reasons youths enter gangs, outreach programs that are making a differenceRead MoreCity Of God : Movie Analysis860 Words   |  4 Pagesurban issues that was shown numerous times in the movie, the urban crime and youth gang. The youth gang activity was also mentioned in the class reading as follow â€Å"Many of these young people live in and around the cities’ sprawling public markets, where it is easy to scavenge food. A few work at shinin g shoes, cleaning windshields, or selling anything from candy to their bodies, but most beg or steal to survive.† The youth living in the slum was influenced by the crime activities happening in the slum

Impact of E-Commerce on Customer Buying Behaviour †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of E-Commerce on Customer Buying Behaviour. Answer: Record for this research journal Date Task Action Comment [Please Fill] Choosing the topic to carry on the literature review. Searching topics on the internet Topic selected in the domain IT, and the topic is, Security in wireless networks. [Please Fill] Determining the time period of publication of the literatures to make an up to date review. Time period selected is 2012 and onwards. i.e. literatures published in or after 2012. Literature review will be consisted of latest information. [Please Fill] Determining the purpose of the research and the literature review. Determining the main factors that impacts on the customer behaviour. [Please Fill] Specifying the areas in which special attention will be given. Different internal and external factors affecting the consumer behaviour. [Please Fill] Taking notes from different researches to start the literature review. Collected notes from 10 other literatures. [Please Fill] Determining the two literatures to be reviewed. Literatures selected. [Please Fill] Asking feedback from the friends about the literatures. Feedback collected. [Please Fill] Determining the structure of the literature review Structure is completed and in the literature review. [Please Fill] Finding additional helpful references. Literature view competed. [Please Fill] Checking and proofreading the literature review. Errors corrected. [Please Fill] (Should be Date of Submission) Submission of the literature review Literature review completed. Filing system Source Key words used No of literatures returned No of collected literature Springer 12 1 Google scholar 25 1 Research gate 2 0 Review With the increasing development of internet and its usage in the business and other perspectives are impacting on the behaviours of the customers who uses the internet to purchase products. Business organizations are spending more and more in order to acquire larger segment. The internet can help the business organizations to enhance the buyers purchasing behaviours more proficiently and adequately than different other channels to fulfil their requirements related to specific product (Raghupathi and Fogel 2015). Through the diverse search engines available on internet the consumers can spare time to access to find out the product related data, and which data with blend of videos, sound and picturesand extremely point by point content portrayal to help purchaser learning and picking the most appropriate item from the most appropriate online platform. Individual customers buy services and products from the physical or online store depending on their level of trust in that item or services and dealers/sellers of the product in the store or online. On the web trust is the fundamental and basic component for building a long lasting with clients. Different researches in the recent times demonstrates that online trust is bring down level than the trust in the personal connections in the physical store. The online stores or the e-commerce gives the most important thing convenience to their customers as the principle reason behind the online purchases of the buyers concurred by the majority of analyst and researchers. Due to the element of Internet, it enables client to shopping on the web whenever and anyplace, which implies customers can peruse and shopping on the web 24-hours per day, 7 days seven days from home or office, which draws in some time-starved customers come to Internet for spare time to seeking items in physical store (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). Furthermore, Internet offers a few great approaches to spare cash and time without too much physical effort which is required in case of the physical stores. According to the author Hajli 2015, the customer behaviour is mainly impacted by the two factors which are, internal and external factors. External variables on the customers are originated from the environmental conditions, and internal factors are for the most part from the buyers mind and perception. There are many variables could impact buyer's practices on the online platform (Ioan?s Stoica 2014). As indicated by the external factors that impacts on the buyer behaviour could partition into five parts: Demographics, socio-financial aspects, public policies, use technology; culture; sub-culture; reference and marketing of the online stores. The impact due to the internal factors are assortment of psychological processes in the buyers mind, which incorporate learning, perception about the store, motivation to buy products etc. The reliability of E-commerce sitesis extremely depending on the how much protection or securitycan the site provide to the users personal and financial data shared with the site and the user. For instance, a very specialized SSH channel to transmit data can be a factor to impact the reliability of the site (Mittal 2013). As specified over that the web vendor can give outsider confirmation to E-business site, and keeping in mind that this protection and security procedures are utilized, clients will think their E-commerce exchanges through Web are secure and therefore the webpage is more dependable to them. Close to this point, if the Ecommerce site can give the data about their client services,contact details, and a help a tool on the site. This could likewise build their trustiness to the clients or customers. The process of making decision for the customers are similar regardless the consumer is online or offline. In the present scenario the major factors that makes the difference in the purchase behaviour are the marketing of the products and the services as well as the purchasing environment (Hoban and Bucklin 2015). In case of the traditional customer decision making model, Consumer purchasing choice normally begins with requirement awareness, search for the information, elective assessments, choosing to buy lastly, post-purchase behaviour by the customers. Role of the marketing in influencing the purchase behaviour As far as online communications is concerned affecting the behaviour of the users, when the customers observes online promotions on the internet platform, they attracts the customers attention and stimulates their interest for specific items or services on a specific e-commerce platform. Before they choose to buy, they require extra data to help them out in determining the trustworthiness of the site for which they had observed the promotion. In case the customers do not have enough data/information about the service or product, they will look through online channels to collect the required data. Such asonline indexes, sites, or web search engines. Whenever clients have enough data, they analyse those selections of items. In the inquiry organize, they may search for the expert product reviews or the customer reviews who had bought or used the service from the same platform. After exploring the data collected they willdiscover which e-commerce organization offers them the best option for their desired product or service. Amid this stage, efficient site design and its usability are essential things to induce purchasers to be occupied with purchasing products on a specific site. Besides, the data sources inclination may impact purchasing behaviour of the customers. Consumers can purchase anything at any time without traversing to the different physical stores so that they can find the similar product at lesser price by comparing different e-commerce sites simultaneously.Since on the web stores offer clients with assortment of items and administrations. It gives the customers more choices toanalyse cost from various sites and discover the products with lesser costs than purchasing from physical stores. Few sites, such as EBay for instance, offer customersauction alternative, so they can make a decent pricing for their desired products or services they want to buy. Review The impact of consumer behaviour is one of the most common matters that are being studied by the marketers, entrepreneurs and the researchers from the past and still going on. The researchers study about the different aspects about how the behaviour of the consumer changes due to e commerce. The overall performances of the enterprises have become a key factor in understanding behaviour of the customer. The rises in competition in the industries that are retail have mainly leaded to understanding the reasons for raising the impact of customer behaviour in Australia. This research study deals with all the areas of research background that deals with consumer behaviour which addresses works of marketers and researchers. There are mainly five different impacts of making consumer behaviour more effective in related to e-commerce. The study of behaviour that is related to consumer buying is taken as the part of marketing and the main motive is about the way to learn all the possible way on how the individuals, buy use, dispose goods, and the choose of organizations and factors related to taste, price, branding and experience are the factors that the consumers takes decision on purchasing some products. Such one of the studies that is related with behaviour of consumer buying is conducted by Lim et al. 2016. The study aims to this study is to get the impact of experiences that were studied previously. The study of e- commerce is divided into four different categories that are considered as the characteristics for selling and buying parties. The categories that comes under the e- commerce category are B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer) and lastly C2B (consumer to business). The online marketing e- commerce comes under the category of consumer to business marketing. With the increase of internet, companies reach to the rooms of customer easily. The transactions that are made by the buying and selling of products are also done online. Online tractions are very much protective and secure methods for buying products online. There are also many sites available that gives same services and same products at different rates. For instance- a website named as Priceline.com provides the companies to get tickets of airline, hotel room, salons appointment to the customer very easily. The internet can help the business organizations to enhance the buyers purchasing behaviours more proficiently and adequately than different other channels to fulfil their requirements related to specific product. Through the diverse search engines available on internet the consumers can spare time to access to find out the product related data, and which data with blend of videos, soun d and pictures and extremely point by point content portrayal to help purchaser learning and picking the most appropriate item from the most appropriate online platform. The most advantage of using e-commerce as a media for buying and selling is that a particular product or service gets the feedback very soon. It is not possible in offline transaction. The purchasing decisions that are made by the customers are mostly done online in this present day. The technology of website is making the internet social and customers that creates content that has increased the time of development. If the customers do not have enough data/information about the service or product, they will look through online channels to collect the required data. Internet offers more approaches to spare cash and time without too much physical effort which is required in case of the physical stores (Zhang, Gupta and Zhao 2014). The social media is the new way of promoting the products and services over the internet. The evolution of social media has created deep results in the world of marketing. Now a day the marketing teams of a business are putting their businesses add on the social media to promote their products more spontaneously. For instance, a company that deals with flowers has put their advertisement on the Facebook creating an online social media platf orm for the company. Factors Influencing Purchasing Behaviours of Customers The factors that influence the customer behaviour in purchasing products and services are described below: Purchasing Power: For increasing the customer behaviour, purchasing power plays an important role in the marketing sector. The purchasing capacity of the customers are analyzed by generally by making decisions that are related to the products that are needed for buying and selling of product. Even if the product is very good, the purchasing power of customer is not known, den the sale of the product goes down. The customers are segmented in the basis of their purchasing product; it is easy to determine the eligibility of the customer. Marketing Campaigns: Marketing is the most important factor that helps in making the decisions of the customers. The marketing campaigns help to shift the market shares in the industries that are competitive by increasing the decisions of the customers. The campaigns that are done for increasing the sale of the products of services are all done on a regular basis. The transactions that are made by the buying and selling of products are also done online. Online tractions are very much protective and secure methods for buying products online. Economic Conditions: The economic situations that are that are present in the market plays important roles in decisions that are spend by the customers. This is most effective for purchasing houses, vehicles and appliances of other household products. An economic condition that is positive is considered to make the customers more willing and confident to buy the product. This does not depend on the financial liabilities of the person who are buying the products. Personal Preferences: The customer behaviour is motivated by different shades of dislikes, likes, morals, values and priorities at this personal level (Kim, Wang and Malthouse 2015). The style of fashion, personal care and food depends on the each customer and all are different from each other. The products that are shown to the customers are shown according to the preferences that are made by the customers. The internet can help the business organizations to enhance the buyers purchasing behaviours more proficiently and adequately than different other channels to fulfil their requirements related to specific product. Personal preferences are defined by the personal requirements. Group Influence: The decisions that are made by the customers are also affected by the group influence. The group influence mainly comes from classmates, relatives, family members and influential group that are secondary (Chiu et al. 2014). The secondary group that influences customers consists of acquaintances and the neighbours. There are many examples of influence of group such as foods that are homemade are liked by all groups of people. The group influences to changes the decisions of a person. This is also an important factor for influencing the customers in the e-commerce sector. Conclusion From the above literature review of the authors, it is known that the consumer buying is taken as the part of marketing and the main motive is about the way to learn all the possible way on how the individuals, buy use, dispose goods, and the choose of organizations and factors related to taste, price, branding and experience are the factors that the consumers takes decision on purchasing some products. The impact of consumer behaviour is one of the most common matters that are being studied by the marketers, entrepreneurs and the researchers from the past and still going on. The researchers study about the different aspects about how the behaviour of the consumer changes due to e commerce. Introduction The overall performances of the enterprises have become a key factor in understanding behaviour of the customer. The rises in competition in the industries that are retail have mainly leaded to understanding the reasons for raising the impact of customer behaviour in Australia. This research study deals with all the areas of research background that deals with consumer behaviour which addresses works of marketers and researchers. The study of behaviour that is related to consumer buying is taken as the part of marketing and the main motive is about the way to learn all the possible way on how the individuals, buy use, dispose goods, and the choose of organizations and factors related to taste, price, branding and experience are the factors that the consumers takes decision on purchasing some products. References Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), pp.85-114. Hajli, N., 2015. Social commerce constructs and consumer's intention to buy.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), pp.183-191. Hoban, P.R. and Bucklin, R.E., 2015. Effects of internet display advertising in the purchase funnel: Model-based insights from a randomized field experiment.Journal of Marketing Research,52(3), pp.375-393. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Ioan?s, E., Stoica, I. (2014). Social media and its impact on consumers behavior.International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories,4(2), 295-303. Kim, S.J., Wang, R.J.H. and Malthouse, E.C., 2015. The effects of adopting and using a brand's mobile application on customers' subsequent purchase behavior.Journal of Interactive Marketing,31, pp.28-41. Lim, Y., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S., Romle, A. and Abdullah, S. (2016). Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior: The Mediating Role of Purchase Intention.Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, pp.401-410. Mittal, A., 2013. E-commerce: Its Impact on consumer Behavior.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(2), pp.131-138. Raghupathi, V. and Fogel, J., 2015. The impact of opinion leadership on purchases through social networking websites.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,10(3), pp.18-29. Zhang, H., Lu, Y., Gupta, S. and Zhao, L., 2014. What motivates customers to participate in social commerce? The impact of technological environments and virtual customer experiences.Information Management,51(8), pp.1017-1030.

Sexual Harassment and Bullying at the Workplace

Questions: 1.Fully define the terms Sexual Harassment and Bullying and discuss how they relate to power. 2.Research and explain the consequences of sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace. 3.Research and discuss an example of what organizations are doing to deal with power abuse. What are they doing to prevent and deal with sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace? Answers: 1. According to the definition set out in the Sexual Discrimination Act 1984, Sexual harassment is considered to be an unsolicited sexual behavior that leads a person to feeling offended, humiliated or intimidated (Bowling Behr, 2006). It does not entail any engagement which is manifested out of mutual consent. The law regards sexual harassment as one of the forms of sexual discrimination. Research indicates that in Australia, the number of women who experience sexual harassment is five times higher than that of men. On the other hand, Tracy et al. (2006) observe that bullying can be described as the psychological, physical, social or verbal abuse by either an employer or other persons at work. If bullying turns violent to include assault and stalking, it can be characterized as a criminal offence. Bullying, however, does not constitute acts which objectively are unfair but they form part of the core practices in the organization. If this practice is perpetuated on the grounds of sex, race, age or any other classified category, then it merits to be regarded as discrimination at the place of work. Sexual harassment and bullying have a direct nexus with power. Justice Mathews observed in the case of OCallaghan v Loder [1984] EOC 92022, 92023, 92024, that sexual harassment occurs if a person is subjected to unwelcome and unsolicited sexual conduct by another party which is in a position of power. In a majority of cases, persons who perpetuate sexual harassment and bullying are often in powerful positions because then the victim is intimidated and fearful of the impending consequences in case they raise an alarm. 2. Sexual harassment and bullying at the workplace present overarching consequences not only to the victim employee but also to the institution where they work and the society as a whole. The first outstanding effect of these vices is that the business incurs unnecessary human costs. Persons who are subjected to sexual harassment and bullying generally have a compromised health especially under the psychological part. Conditions such as anxiety, overt anger, depression and being emotionally distressed are often exhibited. As a matter of fact, recent research indicates that victims of bullying and sexual harassment show signs of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Mikkelsen Einarsen, 2002). The effects of these two transgressions are not only confined to the victims. Employees who witness incidents of bullying and sexual harassment are also subjected to mental agony and they often tend to be angered by the many things in the organization. With all these effects to employees in mind , the best returns on human capital cannot be realized. With respect to the organization, workers who are victims of sexual harassment and bullying are often absent due to sickness. In addition to this, even if they come to work, their performance levels are very low. This is majorly because their creativity is very low; loyalty to the organization is compromised and in most cases they engage in counterproductive behavior. They are always not satisfied and contemplate quitting at all times. These negative attitudes greatly hamper optimal performance of a given organization. Finally, these abusive practices once exhibited by a single member of the organization; have the propensity of being adopted by other persons within the institution. For instance, if the victim of sexual harassment or bullying is an employee; they may carry over this abuse to their own employees who subsequently end up abusing their own family members. Therefore, the whole society may end up feeling the pinch of these vices which are started in the organization. 3. A model of how the issue of power abuse within an organization can be found in the procedures of Australian Red Cross. The organizations Equal Opportunity policy establishes independent offices which are meant to tackle various grievances from all employees. There is established the position of the complaints officer who is tasked with handling all complaints by the employees. There is also a contact person at every station who is responsible for resolving any small disputes arising at the workplace while they are still at the rudimentary level. These two positions are bound by a requirement of utmost confidentiality with respect to all cases reported. Therefore, a complainant is free to make allegations about any person, however powerful without fear of being reprimanded or that the information could be divulged prematurely. With these mechanisms in place, very powerful persons in the organization are cautious not to engage in unbecoming conduct because they know that investigati ons can be discreetly commenced against them at any time (Nicolson, 2015). Sexual harassment and bullying have also been adequately addressed by many organizations in order to improve the working conditions of all employees. The very first step towards tackling these vices is to concisely define the meaning of the two terms from the organizations perspective and provide an elaborate list of conduct that may constitute such transgressions. Organizations are very cautious not to be subjected to a law suit predicated on the two grounds; therefore, they have established more effective internal preventive measures and dispute resolution mechanisms. A good structure from this front must first entail a very strict code of conduct which governs all employees from top to bottom regardless of the power they hold. Secondly, Organizations have resorted to using hotlines or specific complaints officials who are free of influence from any powerful figures within the institution. In light of all these procedures, it is also prudent to have all employees aware of consequen ces of conduct which falls under sexual harassment and bullying. This will enormously deter any such malpractices in the institution. Reference List Bowling, N.A. and Beehr, T.A., 2006. Workplace harassment from the victim's perspective: atheoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), p.998. Mikkelsen, E.G.E. and Einarsen, S., 2002. Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumaticstress among victims of bullying at work. European Journal of work and organizationalpsychology, 11(1), pp.87-111. Nicolson, P., 2015. Gender, power and organization: a psychological perspective on life at work. Routledge. Tracy, S.J., Lutgen-Sandvik, P. and Alberts, J.K., 2006. Nightmares, demons, and slavesexploring the painful metaphors of workplace bullying. Management communicationquarterly, 20(2), pp.148-185.